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Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).
Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international innovation business concentrating on Internet services and synthetic intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s online search engine market (via Baidu Search), and offers a wide array of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation forum).
Besides its core web search business, Baidu has actually diversified into numerous high-growth locations. The business is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and clever consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of financial investment in expert system, Baidu is among the couple of tech companies worldwide to offer a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud facilities, structure designs, and applications. [5]
The holding company of the group is integrated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was included in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he established Baidu in 2000. [6] The company is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]
In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese business to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese company to sign up with the United States-based computer ethics consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has progressively concentrated on generative AI associated products. [13]
The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its national champ corporations. [14]:156 -157
Early development
In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped establish software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He also dealt with developing much better algorithms for online search engine and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.
In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got an US patent for the technology. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first search engine that utilized hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which included ranking the appeal of a web site based upon how numerous other sites had linked to it. [20] It predated the similar PageRank algorithm used by Google 2 years later in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on used his RankDex innovation for the Baidu online search engine.
Baidu was incorporated on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu enabled marketers to bid for ad space then pay Baidu each time a client clicked on an advertisement, predating Google’s technique to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu launched a news search engine and photo search engine, adopting a special recognition technology efficient in determining and grouping the short articles. [23]
2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ
Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]
In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese industry sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the online search engine to become a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu is able to provide its own reports, besides revealing specific results as an online search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese search engine to get such a license. [25]
Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s very first routine service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]
On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would team up with Sina to offer mobile search engine result. [28]
On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to offer complimentary cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]
On 2 August 2013, Baidu launched its Personal Assistant app, designed to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees handle their business relationships. [30]
On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as chief scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]
On 18 July 2014, the company released a Brazilian version of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]
On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]
2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business
In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving automobile platform, in a bid to help drive the advancement of self-governing vehicles consisting of lorry platform, hardware platform, open-source software application platform and cloud data services. [34] Baidu plans to launch this project in July 2017, before gradually introducing completely self-governing driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to buy as numerous as 100 self-governing driving jobs over the taking place 3 years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software version 1.5 was likewise released. [37]
In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car market suppliers, on automated driving and linked automobiles. [38]
In July 2017, Baidu GBU entered into a collaboration with Snap Inc. to serve as the company’s main ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]
In September 2017, Baidu presented a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in numerous various languages. Smaller than a typical mobile phone, the 140-gram translation gadget can likewise be used as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to operate on networks in 80 nations. It is still under advancement. Baidu will also be inserting synthetic intelligence (AI) innovation into smartphones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the exact same duration, it has likewise led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, acquiring 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]
In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would launch self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the very same month, Baidu announced that its first annual Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, combining Baidu executives, workers, partners, developers, and media to go over the business’s objective and technique, innovation developments, brand-new item developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) community. [48]
China’s government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281
In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU company” portion of its abroad organization, which established a series of utility apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This business now runs separately of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]
2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing
In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong considering that JD.com’s listing the previous June.
In August 2021 Baidu exposed a new Robocar concept said to be efficient in Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise includes the most recent second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external environments to offer predictive tips to proactively serve the needs of passengers.
In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electric car company originally backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its first principle ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production car. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical automobile platform established by Geely Holding. [53]
In August 2023, Baidu revealed its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a more recent variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]
As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s self-governing ride-hailing service, had actually finished six million trips using driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]
Domain name redirection attack
On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were transformed such that internet browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a site professing to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to lag the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the appropriate site unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were satisfied with a page saying “This site has actually been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by assaulting Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later released legal action versus Register.com for gross neglect after it was revealed that Register.com’s technical assistance staff altered the email address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed person, regardless of failing security confirmation treatments. Once the address had actually been changed, the individual had the ability to utilize the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent straight to them, allowing them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]
Baidu workers jailed
On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 employees of Baidu were arrested on suspicion that they accepted bribes. The bribes were presumably spent for deleting posts from the online forum service. Four individuals were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]
91 Wireless acquisition
On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its intent to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best understood for its app shop, however it has actually been reported that the app shop faces privacy and other legal issues. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger agreement to get 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]
Name
The name Baidu (百度) literally suggests “a hundred times”, or additionally, “numerous times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having searched hundreds of times in the crowd, suddenly reversing, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]
Services
Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service controlled by Baidu. Since 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its preliminary public offering that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements
Baidu’s primary advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that enables advertisers to have their ads displayed in Baidu search results pages and on other websites that become part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are also based on payments by advertisers. This has prompted criticism and uncertainty amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on problems concerning reliability of Baidu outcomes. Often as lots of as the first two pages of search engine result tend to be paid marketers. [71]
Baidu offers its advertising items by means of a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it difficult for non-Chinese speakers to use. In 2012, a third-party business developed a tool with a user interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu need to have a registered company address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]
Competition
Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.
Baidu is the most pre-owned search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]
In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal short article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its take advantage of Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of earnings in China’s search-advertising market grew six percentage points in the second quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study company Analysys International.
It is also apparent that Baidu is attempting to go into the Internet social media market. Since 2011 [update], it is talking about the possibility of working with Facebook, which would lead to a Chinese version of the international social media network, handled by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if performed, would take on Baidu with competition from the 3 popular Chinese social networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] along with induce rivalry with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]
On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a grievance to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce requesting a review of the behavior of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]
By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has actually rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]
In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have actually utilized anticompetitive techniques in Brazil versus the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]
In a continuous competitors in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]
Research and patents
Baidu has actually started to buy deep learning research and is incorporating new deep learning technology into some of its apps and products, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]
In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live looked for a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” technology. This technology immediately scans files that are published by Internet users, and recognizes and removes content that may violate copyright law. This enables Baidu to use an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]
In April 2022, Baidu announced they acquired permits from China to offer the first driverless taxis. The company objective to supply driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 self-governing vehicles set to begin providing trips to passengers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban start beginning 28 April 2022. [91]
In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless lorry that is planned to join Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]
According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from a worker in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department reveal a long list of blocked websites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]
In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for breaching the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it carries out in accord with the demand of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu deserves to obstruct works from its inquiry results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a claim that looked for to penalize the business. [96] [97]
In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security in addition to 372 Internet authorities departments to detect information related to “anti-government reports” and then flooding “Baidu-linked website, news websites and gadgets with informs dispelling false information.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, big data and expert system. [98]
As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, along with other Internet companies, to “perform unique guidance” on news and information related to the illness. [99]
In November 2022, Sustainalytics reduced Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]
Controversies
Death of Wei Zexi
In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results reportedly contributed to the death of a student who attempted an experimental cancer treatment he discovered online. The 21-year-old college student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was identified with synovial sarcoma, an unusual type of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the hospital had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved not successful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]
After Wei’s family invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the medical facility, Wei Zexi died on 12 April 2016. The incident set off huge online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading guard dog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a group of private investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report declared medical marketing makes up for 30% of Baidu’s ad profits, much of which comes from for-profit healthcare facilities that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of healthcare facilities throughout the nation established by medical business owners connected with the Putian area of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to impose several limitations on Baidu, including adding disclaimers to promotional material and developing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mainly directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]
Commercialization of Tieba
Baidu offered the hemophilia online community, among the communities of Tieba, to unqualified medical facilities. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop offering all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of diseases will completely stop business cooperation and will only be open to reliable public welfare companies. In reaction to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that personal medical facilities have entered a duration of market change and upgrading, and are neither depending on publishing bar advertisements nor depending on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s choice will not have a negative influence on the market. [108]
DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps
On 20 April 2019, it was reported that numerous applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running earnings boosting background programs on user gadgets considering that a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of six recognized applications developed by the company, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking web ads – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase income created by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user score of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]
Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise banned from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]
Block in India
In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of numerous Chinese sites that were prohibited or obstructed in India for nationwide security reasons. [119]
2024 head of interactions debate
In May 2024, Baidu’s previous vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) triggered major backlashes across the Chinese social media for backing harmful office culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has actually asked a coworker to be on a 50-day organization trip during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has aroused further discussions amongst Chinese netizens regarding Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu openly said sorry after the occurrence and has actually presumably lost her task. Baidu’s stock cost fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the incident. [121] [122]
Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Copyright in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web online search engine.
List of online search engine.
List of search engines by popularity.
China.
Companies.
Internet.
Technology.
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Further reading
– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu creator guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.