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Baidu World Technology Conference (News Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese international technology company concentrating on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (through Baidu Search), and supplies a wide array of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation forum).

Besides its core internet search business, Baidu has actually diversified into several high-growth areas. The business is a leading player in self-governing driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and smart consumer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of financial investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is one of the couple of tech companies worldwide to provide a full-stack AI stack, including software, chips, cloud facilities, foundation designs, and applications. [5]

The holding business of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was integrated in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The business is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the very first Chinese business to be consisted of in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the first Chinese company to sign up with the United States-based computer principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has progressively focused on generative AI associated products. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its national champion corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early development

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) joined IDD Information Services, a New Jersey department of Dow Jones and Company, where he assisted develop software for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise worked on establishing much better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first online search engine that utilized links to measure the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the appeal of a web website based on the number of other websites had actually connected to it. [20] It preceded the similar PageRank algorithm utilized by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on utilized his RankDex innovation for the Baidu online search engine.

Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed advertisers to bid for ad area then pay Baidu every time a consumer clicked on an advertisement, predating Google’s method to marketing. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news search engine and picture online search engine, adopting an unique identification innovation capable of recognizing and grouping the articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese federal government and Chinese industry sources stated that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which allows the search engine to become a full-fledged news website. Thus Baidu is able to provide its own reports, besides showing certain results as a search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s first routine service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would team up with Sina to supply mobile search outcomes. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to offer totally free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu released its Personal Assistant app, developed to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar workers handle their business relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu designated Dr. Andrew Ng as primary researcher. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the company introduced a Brazilian version of the search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving lorry platform, in a bid to assist drive the development of autonomous cars consisting of automobile platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu plans to introduce this job in July 2017, before slowly presenting completely autonomous driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu introduced a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to invest in as many as 100 autonomous driving tasks over the taking place three years. [36] At the exact same time, Apollo open-source software variation 1.5 was also released. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, vehicle industry suppliers, on automated driving and connected automobiles. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU got in into a collaboration with Snap Inc. to function as the business’s main advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in several different languages. Smaller than a normal smart device, the 140-gram translation gadget can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to operate on networks in 80 nations. It is still under advancement. Baidu will likewise be inserting expert system (AI) technology into smartphones, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the very same period, it has likewise led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, acquiring 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the same month, Baidu announced that its first yearly Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, bringing together Baidu executives, workers, partners, designers, and media to talk about the company’s mission and technique, technology breakthroughs, brand-new product developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) environment. [48]

China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU business” part of its overseas service, which developed a series of energy apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This organization now runs independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the biggest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong considering that JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a brand-new Robocar principle said to be capable of Level 5 autonomous driving. [52] It likewise includes the current second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external environments to offer predictive suggestions to proactively serve the needs of guests.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electrical automobile business initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its first principle ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production car. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electrical vehicle platform developed by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a newer version Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s self-governing ride-hailing service, had actually finished six million rides utilizing driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service runs a fleet of over 400 driverless cars in Wuhan. [56]

Domain name redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were modified such that internet browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a website purporting to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to lag the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election demonstrations, making the correct website unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were met a page stating “This website has been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later responded by assaulting Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on released legal action against Register.com for gross carelessness after it was revealed that Register.com’s technical assistance staff changed the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed individual, regardless of stopping working security confirmation treatments. Once the address had been changed, the individual was able to utilize the forgotten password function to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent straight to them, enabling them to achieve the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The claim was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com issued an apology. [62]

Baidu employees arrested

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 workers of Baidu were jailed on suspicion that they accepted kickbacks. The bribes were apparently paid for erasing posts from the online forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu announced its objective to buy 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app shop, however it has actually been reported that the app shop faces personal privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its wholly owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger agreement to acquire 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) actually suggests “a hundred times”, or additionally, “countless times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) saying: “Having searched numerous times in the crowd, suddenly turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service controlled by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its going public that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s main advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and is similar to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click advertising platform that allows marketers to have their advertisements revealed in Baidu search results page pages and on other websites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results are also based upon payments by advertisers. This has triggered criticism and suspicion among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on concerns regarding dependability of Baidu results. Often as numerous as the very first two pages of search engine result tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu sells its advertising items through a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it challenging for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company established a tool with an interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu need to have a signed up business address either in China or in specified East Asian countries. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] completes with Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most pre-owned online search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its take advantage of Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of profits in China’s search-advertising market grew 6 portion points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research company Analysys International.

It is also apparent that Baidu is trying to enter the Internet social media network market. Since 2011 [update], it is talking about the possibility of working with Facebook, which would result in a Chinese variation of the global social media, managed by Baidu. [79] This strategy, if carried out, would face off Baidu with competitors from the three popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] as well as cause competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a grievance to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for an evaluation of the habits of Baidu, accusing it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest competitor who has rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was alleged to have used anticompetitive techniques in Brazil against the Brazilian online security firm PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]

In a continuous competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has started to purchase deep knowing research study and is incorporating brand-new deep learning technology into some of its apps and items, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live looked for a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” innovation. This technology automatically scans files that are submitted by Internet users, and acknowledges and strains content that may breach copyright law. This allows Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu revealed they got permits from China to supply the very first driverless taxis. The company objective to offer driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 self-governing vehicles set to start offering rides to travelers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban start starting 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless automobile that is prepared to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and limiting online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from a staff member in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department show a long list of obstructed sites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists took legal action against Baidu in the United States for breaching the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the demand of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has actually ruled [95] that the Chinese online search engine Baidu has the right to obstruct works from its inquiry results under freedom of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that looked for to penalize the company. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu started collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security in addition to 372 Internet cops departments to detect details associated to “anti-government reports” and then flooding “Baidu-linked website, news sites and devices with signals resolving misinformation.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, huge data and expert system. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators advised Baidu, together with other Internet companies, to “perform unique guidance” on news and details associated to the disease. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page supposedly contributed to the death of a trainee who attempted a speculative cancer therapy he discovered online. The 21-year-old college trainee was called Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon kind of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the search engine Baidu, on which the healthcare facility had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed unsuccessful and Wèi passed away in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the hospital, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The incident triggered huge online discussions after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top guard dog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a group of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still continuous. One report claimed medical advertising makes up for 30% of Baidu’s ad earnings, much of which comes from for-profit healthcare facilities that belong to the “Putian Network”, a collection of medical facilities throughout the country established by medical entrepreneurs connected with the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to impose several constraints on Baidu, consisting of including disclaimers to marketing material and developing channels for grievances about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mainly directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to announce that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu offered the hemophilia online community, one of the communities of Tieba, to unqualified healthcare facilities. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop offering all of its . [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially announced to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of diseases will completely stop industrial cooperation and will only be open to authoritative public well-being organizations. In reaction to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that personal healthcare facilities have entered a duration of market change and upgrading, and are neither based on posting bar advertisements nor relying on competitive rankings anymore, so Baidu’s decision will not have an unfavorable effect on the industry. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that numerous applications for Android gadgets developed by the subsidiary company, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running revenue boosting background programs on user devices since a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 recognized applications developed by the company, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking internet ads – even when the devices were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase earnings created by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user score of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]

Google prohibited DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was also prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese sites that were prohibited or blocked in India for nationwide security factors. [119]

2024 head of communications controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s previous vice president and head of interactions Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) stimulated major reactions across the Chinese social media for endorsing hazardous work environment culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a colleague to be on a 50-day business trip during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has actually excited even more conversations amongst Chinese netizens concerning Baidu’s corporate governance and internal culture. Qu openly said sorry after the incident and has apparently lost her task. Baidu’s stock price fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the occurrence. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual property in the People’s Republic of China.
Software industry in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of online search engine by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia smartphones”.

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